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John Cockburn (Scottish officer)
Colonel John Cockburn was an officer in the Scottish Covenanter army in the late 1640s and early1650s during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In this capacity he led Lowland soldiers against Montrose's Scottish Royalist forces during the First English Civil War (1642-1646), when the Covenanter parliament of Scotland was allied with the English Parliamentarians against King Charles I. Colonel Cockburn led the colorfully defiant but futile Scottish resistance at Hume Castle during the Third English Civil War (1649-1651), when a Parliamentary army led by Oliver Cromwell invaded Scotland after its Covenenter government had made an uneasy alliance with King Charles II.
==Family background and the choice of a military career==
John Cockburn was born in about 1620, the third son of William Cockburn of Choicelee and Sybilla Sinclair.〔Sir Robert Cockburn of that Ilk, 9th Bt. and Harry A. Cockburn, ''The Records of the Cockburn Family'', T. N. Foulis, London and Edinburgh, 1913.〕 A military career would have been a common choice for a son who stood little chance of inheriting his father's property. Quite possibly Cockburn fought as a mercenary in the 30 Years War along with thousands of other Scotsmen. Many Scottish officers, such as Leven, David Leslie, James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton and William Baillie, gained military experience and a strong reputation in the army of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.〔Alexia Grosjean, ''Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648'', Routledge, 2015.〕 Thus a body of experienced Scottish soldiers became available to the Parliament of Scotland during the Bishops' Wars (1639–40) and during the First English Civil War.
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